Brazilian senator Flávio Bolsonaro has been banned from leaving the country and ordered to surrender his passports, hours after his defeat in the presidential election to leftist incumbent Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.

The ruling was issued by Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, the same justice who oversaw the trial of Flávio's father, former president Jair Bolsonaro, on charges of attempting a coup.

The court order is linked to a criminal case in which federal police are investigating Flávio Bolsonaro over alleged involvement in a money-laundering scheme. The ruling also prohibits him from contacting Willer Tomaz, a lawyer connected to betting companies that police suspect were used to launder approximately 680 million pounds.

All of Bolsonaro's passports were cancelled, including the diplomatic passport he holds as a congressman. He was ordered to hand them over within 24 hours.

Bolsonaro was the first to speak publicly about the matter, before Brazilian media had reported the judge's decision. In a video posted on social media, he said he had just left a visit to his father, who is under house arrest in Brasília, when he was served with the order.

"Lula's federal police were at his door and in the middle of the street, and I was served with an order to hand over my passports and I am also prohibited from leaving the country," he said in the video.

The court's ruling references an interview given by his brother Eduardo Bolsonaro, who is in self-imposed exile in the United States. Eduardo told a US podcast last Friday that he favoured the senator leaving Brazil if he lost the election. Flávio Bolsonaro said in the video: "I never said that."

Like his father four years ago, Flávio Bolsonaro has not conceded defeat to Lula.

On Monday night, his party issued a statement acknowledging the election result. "We recognise the presidential result proclaimed by the electoral court, but believe that the questions raised need to be properly clarified through a balanced and democratic political debate," the statement read.

Bolsonaro had initially announced plans to seek an annulment of the election after the result was declared on Sunday night. He claimed that a two-hour extension of voting hours had harmed the election, despite his own campaign having also argued for an extension. According to reports, allies and lawyers told him his legal argument was weak.

He had not publicly reversed his annulment demand at the time of reporting. In the same video, he said he would file a separate case to have Lula's ticket disqualified over alleged abuse of economic power, similar to cases his legal team had brought during the campaign.

Bolsonaro is also under investigation in a second criminal case, concerning approximately 20 million pounds that he was recorded on tape asking a disgraced banker accused of corruption to provide for a biopic about his father.

When his Senate term ends early next year, Bolsonaro will be out of public office for the first time in 24 years, and will no longer benefit from the special legal jurisdiction afforded to officeholders.